Because the state constitution required every male Mississippian to re-register to vote, the white registrars who administered the literacy test failed even literate black voters. However, in the South, the primaries were limited to white-only participation, excluding African Americans and driving them out of politics. Particularly in the South, Jim Crow (racial segregation laws) were a way of life, thanks to the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson, the 1896 'separate but equal' ruling, which allowed segregation to flourish. Southern whites saw literacy requirements as a challenge to progressive reforms. Most white Progressives supported or allowed segregation, viewing Blacks as inferior or part of the problem within society. Reading them would confirm for African Americans that they were being denied the rights due to all citizens of the United States. Can you imagine being on constant alert against mob violence towards you or your family? During the Progressive Era, racism affected many aspects of American society. Adding to the existing racial strains on the country, The Birth of a Nation was released in 1915. . Racial tension was not limited to the South. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Fellow writer and activistJames Weldon Johnsononce described Trotter as an able man, zealous almost to the point of fanaticism, an implacable foe of every form and degree of race discrimination that lacked the capacity to weld his followers into a form that would give them any considerable group effectiveness.. These schools were built with the health and comfort of the children and teachers in mind. * For the safety of our guests and staff members, The museum requires all visitors ages 3 and up to wear a face mask that covers their nose and mouth at all times. In the summer of 1896, teacher and journalist Sarah Dudley Pettey brimmed with enthusiasm as she sat down to write a newspaper column entitled The Up-To-Date Woman. Pettey saw opportunities for women all around her, even though she came from a small southern town in North Carolina. Although Wells-Barnett won the case on the local circuit courts and was awarded $500, the railroad company appealed the case to the Supreme Court of Tennessee. These are so many good facts that will be in my paper for my project. Printable Version. Information very informative and helpful; however, do you know of any research on schools self-built by African-Americans prior to the Washington & Rosenwald initiative. Hi, I am doing a research paper about segregation in the 1930s. In fact, from the standpoint of African-American history, the Progressive Era qualifies as arguably the single worst period since Emancipation. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1901. Here are several African-American men and women who worked to change life for African-Americans during this time period. Who Popularized the term 'Talented Tenth'? Petteys confidence proved to be misplaced at the turn of the twentieth century as southern states began passing laws designed to exclude black voters. The Education of Black Children in the Jim Crow South, published September 11, 2012 at https://www.abhmuseum.org/2012/09/education-for-blacks-in-the-jim-crow-south/. I think think this was helpful for my social project. However, one area in need of reform that was mostly overlooked by white Progressives was the plight of African Americans. Compare and contrast the views and strategies of Ida B. I think this whole website is amazing. XD Because of segregation, there was an increase in Black-owned and operated businesses, such as barbers, funeral homes, insurance companies and banks. Im learning a lot more detailed stuff than Ive known before. African Americans should seek to gradually gain civil rights. In the South, the progressive agenda included, 6. ThoughtCo. As a result, the North experienced growing racial tensions as African Americans competed for jobs, leading to increased social instability. Learn about African American leaders who fought for justice. Even if they weren't needed on the farm, the white owner of their farm might pull black children out if he decided they were needed for work. We are reading it right now and we are at chapter 21, they are in court with Tom Robinson Anyways, yes, this website is very helpful when learning TKMB. Hope you got the good grade you were looking for and that you will visit again in future and explore other exhibits. City school systems had more money than rural ones. Brooker, Russell. https://www.thoughtco.com/african-americans-of-the-progressive-era-45329 (accessed March 2, 2023). Previous Section Conservation in the Progressive Era; Next Section Prohibition: A Case Study of Progressive Reform; Immigrants in the Progressive Era [New York, N.Y., immigrants' landing, Ellis Island] Detroit Publishing Company Between 1900 and 1915, more than 15 million immigrants arrived in the United States. He was educated at Hampton Institute and went on to lead the Tuskegee Institute, an all-Black college in Alabama. School for white children, Halifax Country VA (Library of Congress), School for black children, Halifax County VA, 1930. In order to move forward as a country, progressives believed we needed to fix or reform our problems. Many Northern whites were sympathetic to the underlying assumptions of race at the basis of literacy requirements. During the Progressive Era, from approximately 1900 to 1918, African Americans contended with continued disenfranchisement and social, political and economic inequality. Many scholars and members of the general public embraced the idea of social Darwinism, a cultural theory derived from Charles Darwins work on biological evolution. Very helpful when learning about To Kill a Mockingbird loved it. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/african-americans-of-the-progressive-era-45329. Although the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution had enfranchised freedmen in 1869, southern whites now determined to take away their right to vote. Brooke Stewart, This website really helped me, I am writing this short story in english about south america during the Jim Crow laws, and this website really helped me, Thank you :), This is one of the most helpful websites for discrimination, ect. "African Americans in the Progressive Era." (2021, July 29). thank you for this information .. it has greatly helped in my research project on the great deppressi0on and seggregation i hope whoever may read this has a nice day :). On top of that, the salary for black teachers was so low that it was hard to find fully qualified ones. The U.S. Department of Education's 2013-14 data reveal that black children represent 19 percent of preschool enrollment, but 47 percent of the out-of-school preschool suspensions. The few African Americans who tried to vote often encountered armed whites who prevented them from doing so. "African-American Men and Women of the Progressive Era." The grandfather clause, as it was called, blatantly empowered officials to violate the Fifteenth Amendment, but North Carolina followed Louisiana by enacting a similar constitutional amendment in 1902. At the turn of the century, the new progressive reform movement heralded many changes, but whether African Americans would benefit from progressivism remained to be seen. Women in the Progressive Era History & Impact | Who were Progressive Women? If black children had any books at all, they were hand-me-downs from white schools. May 26, 2016 Introduction "For African Americans," urban historian Steven J. Diner wrote, "the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century seemed in many respects the worst of times" (p. 125). Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888-1908. What was a direct result of the majority decision in the case mentioned in the excerpt? These people, as they use to say, were discriminated from the school house, all the way to the water fountains. Create your account. This website helped me and my group get some ideas of how the black Children were treated I cant believe that happened. That movement culminated in the 1920 ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, giving all women across America suffrage. The Center for American Progress is an independent nonpartisan policy institute that is dedicated to improving the lives of all Americans through bold, progressive ideas, as well as strong . DuBois.. Or he might simply believe that African American children did not deserve an education. The school is still standing and it is apparent that it was built & erected by unskilled labor (based on materials & construction). I would like to note that this article is extremely biased. it was so sweet that dr Fran responded peoples comments so nicely but one comment just made me laugh so hard. Therefore it would be a long time before there would be a large number of blacks going to college. The Progressive Era The 'Progressive Era' was a period of vast social advocacy and political reform across the United States from the 1890s to the 1920s. Between 1900 and 1910, more than 27,825 black North Carolinians moved north, and nearly 30,000 followed in the Great Migration over the next decade. or give a reasonable interpretation thereof. It also required a poll tax of $2.00, a considerable sum for poor farmers. She sued on the grounds that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 banned discrimination based on race, creed, or color in theaters, hotels, transportation, and public facilities. i got a lot of good facts off on this website. Du Bois believed the most prominent issue facing America was the "color line in America" at the turn of the twentieth century. You are to be commended for the content and quality. He also visited with Theodore Roosevelt at the White House to discuss race relations. This has some great information. It was there that Du Bois began to openly challenge Booker T. Washington's accommodationist approach. ABHM builds public awareness of the harmful legacies of slavery and Jim Crow in America and promotes racial repair, reconciliation, and healing. Du Bois argued for immediate racial equality for African-Americans while working as a sociologist, historian, and activist. What led to the beginnings of the civil rights movement during the Progressive Era? New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2008. Biography of W.E.B. Southern education was not very good even for white children. What is the publication date of this website? Museum Community FREE Days: Sat, Feb 25th 10am to 5pm CT & Sun, Feb 26th 12 to 5pm CT I really appreciated all the small touches. African Americans. Nor did law enforcement often challenge white violence against southern African Americans; in fact, law enforcement often perpetrated violence. I have been researching the Rosenwald schools as part of the background for my trilogy Crimes of a Guilty Land and I came across your site. All three reformers in this chapter (Wells, Washington, and DuBois) wanted to achieve racial equality. There is no caste here. Plessy v. Ferguson: Race and Inequality in Jim Crow America. THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The Progressive Era (1890-1920s) was a turning point in American history during which many important reforms were passed. By then, few African Americans were voting in the South. http://www.blackpast.org/primary/1898-louisiana-grandfather-clause, Lynchings by Year and Race. http://famous-trials.com/legacyftrials/shipp/lynchingyear.html. In our resource history is presented through a series of narratives, primary sources, and point-counterpoint debates that invites students to participate in the ongoing conversation about the American experiment. Essentialists stressed those human experiences that they believed were indispensable to people of all time periods. In the South, intense racism and intimidation tactics towards African Americans sometimes resulted in violence and even lynchings, or hangings. The progressive education movement surfaced in the 1880s, and continued well into the 20th century. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Lastly, the work of Washington, Du Bois, Wells, Terrell, and countless others ultimately led to the protests of the Civil Rights Movement sixty years later. I am doing a project on Jim Crows Laws and the Education of blacks. Prominent suffragists led other progressive causes as well. November 1896 Bryan loses presidential bid I just wanted to thank you for helping us do some research on are project. The campaign for African American rightsusually referred to as the civil rights movement or the freedom movementwent forward in the 1940s and '50s in persistent and deliberate steps. Black children were often pulled out school because they were needed on the farm. However, at that time in the South,most African Americans lived in rural areas, on farms. Monthly publications such as "The Crisis," the official magazine of the NAACP and Opportunity, published by the National Urban League became necessary to spread the news about the positive achievements of African Americans as well. African Americans began publishing daily and weekly newspapers such as the "Chicago Defender," "Amsterdam News," and the "Pittsburgh Courier" to expose the local and national injustices of African Americans. Have you read Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry? Education is the key to economic success. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2012. This was especially true in the rural towns, because most rural towns had little money. He was also the publisher ofBoston Guardian. She became an early member of the NAACP and worked to promote women's suffrage, or right to vote. Please reschedule your visit if you are not feeling well. . Through the NACW, Wells-Barnett continued to fight against lynching and other forms of racial injustice. The federal government did not intervene, even in cases of white mob violence and murder against black communities. African American Reformers. Thank you!! W.E.B. Thank you for all the information. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. There were limits on what blacks could be taught in school. As a result, the concept of reform took place in society. It cannot be justified upon any legal grounds., Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896) Southern states disenfranchised black male voters using all the following methods except, 2. One of his famous quotes isNow is the accepted time, not tomorrow, not some more convenient season. Im trying to do a citation in MLA format. Du Bois, as well as a landmark court case in which the NAACP fought Jim Crow laws. The wholesale disfranchisement of Southern. In the United States, the 1890s through 1920s time period is known as the Progressive Era. Closed early on Christmas Eve and New Years Eve. Educator and social activist Booker T. Washington was responsible for establishing Tuskegee Institute and the Negro Business League. During the progressive era, clubs for African American women A. differed sharply from white women's clubs in their structure. Theodore Roosevelt & the Progressive Era Reforms, Goals & Beliefs | Who Were the Progressives? It was during the progressive era that the federal government looked the other way as Southern states and cities solidified the disfranchisement of African Americans and extended segregation further into all areas of everyday life. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/african-americans-of-the-progressive-era-45329. African-Americans During The Progressive Era 992 Words | 4 Pages. One issue was consistently ignored: the plight of African Americans in the United States. . Progressive Era Lesson for Kids: Summary, Timeline & Reforms, The Progressive Movement & Mechanisms for Increased Political Participation, The French and Indian War Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Remember that African Americans were still left behind during the Progressive Era, Identify Wells, Washington and Du Bois as leaders of the emerging African American movement of the times, Recall the NAACP as the source of many suits demanding civil rights during this time. I feel its difficult to present the other side, but might I ask you do, Dr. Progressive education in the United States was primarily theorized and developed by John Dewey. Thanks so much! Biography of W.E.B. Thank you so much for your extensive comment and appreciation for the museum. Thank you so much for this amazing website! - W.E.B. The Progressive Era, from approximately 1900 to 1918, was marked by a movement to correct social, economic and political problems in America. He also insisted that laws aimed at protecting African Americans be enforced. Phone: (414) 209-3640 But education for blacks in the South in the early 1900s was worse in many ways. flashcard sets. During the Progressive Era, protections for workers and consumers were strengthened, and women finally achieved the right to vote. I am a college student doing a research paper on Jim Crow laws and I am shocked and appalled by the information I have discovered on the subject. Minority Groups. I grew up in the jim crow south and I can say that this article is not biased! [] https://www.abhmuseum.org/2012/09/education-for-blacks-in-the-jim-crow-south/ []. Thank you for your enlightenment on the subject for those who were not there to witness its events in history and I pray that these gross and unfortunate injustices will NEVER repeat themselves. Why or why not? By 1909, most of the Black activists of the Niagara Movement joined the newly-formed NAACP. Which of the following contradicted the sentiments in the excerpt? The Progressive movement was a political and social-reform movement that brought major changes to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many left school after fourth grade. The NAACP successfully used the court system to begin overturning unjust laws discriminating against African Americans and would continue to be a driving force in demanding civil rights for African Americans for years to come. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. African-Americans and the Progressive Era fave like share The Progressive Era spanned the years from 1890 to 1920 when the United States was experiencing rapid growth. Many were not able to attend or complete schooltime time , but a substantial few were able not only to attend and complete elementary or secondary winding . Black schools were overcrowded, with too many students per teacher. The grandfather clause essentially allowed poor, uneducated whites to vote, but denied African Americans the right to vote. The American Revolution, 1763 - 1783 The New Nation, 1783 - 1815 National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880 Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877 Rise of Industrial America, 1876-1900 Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 During this time, known as the Progressive Era, the movement's goals involved strengthening the national government and addressing people's economic, social, and political demands. Aided by a USC fellowship, reporter Tom Molanphy and 48hills dug into the overwhelming history of data concerning the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, which has been in clean-up mode since being declared a Superfund site in 1989.With expert guidance from a 2022 Civil Grand Jury Report and a shallow groundwater response to sea-level rise study, the numbers add up to one irrefutable takeaway: the . African Americans had initially been hopeful during Reconstruction after the Civil War. African-Americans were looked at like a disease at this time. Overview of the Progressive Era Digital History ID 2918. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. A. differed sharply from white women's clubs in their structure B. lobbied for congressional anti lynching legislation C. existed mainly because black women weren't allowed in white clubs D. tried to ignore overtly racial issues such as segregation E. did not exist But education for blacks in the South in the early 1900s was worse in many ways. Many Progressives favored disenfranchising black voters in South. In 1900, Wells-Barnett publishesMob Rule in New Orleans. African Americans still had several decades to wait before seeing any real change in their place in society. Period 7: 1890-1945 World War II The Great Depression Women and the Progressive Movement At the end of the nineteenth century, American politicians, journalists, professionals, and volunteers mobilized on behalf of reforms meant to deal with a variety of social problems associated with industrialization. After race riots erupted in Springfield, IL, in 1908, Ovington, along with Oswald Garrison Villard, grandson of abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, organized white Progressives and key African-American leaders in forming the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Explain how southern states countered the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. Progressive Era Reforms | Examples, Accomplishments & History, Progressive Era Education | Reform, Growth & Summary. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Pettey, Sarah Dudley. Southern whites used literacy requirements as justification to keep immigrants from voting. I used it for three different projects! As cities and factories emerged and grew, quality of life declined for many American citizens. It was characterized by social and political activism and reform. Terrell's work as a social activist and helping women and children have resources to employment, education and adequate healthcare allow her to be remembered. Thousands of African American children received a good education in the Rosenwald Schools. How do I cite this source in APA format for my college research paper? An error occurred trying to load this video. At the end of World War II, African Americans were poised to make far-reaching demands to end racism. The Bill of Rights Institute teaches civics. Reasons for the retreat from the goals of Reconstruction during the late nineteenth century included, 3. In 1887, the Supreme Court of Tennessee reversed the lower court's ruling. Lewis, Femi. However, many organizations that were established to fight for the voting rights of women either marginalized or ignored African American women. Many of these clubs addressed problems similar to those . Washington believed that once African Americans advanced themselves through work and rose to the middle-class professions, white Americans would naturally begin to accept the need for change and improvement in the civil and political rights for Blacks. One of the biggest movements that laid the foundation for modern education was the progressive education movement of the 20th century. Thank you! The limited gains that were made for African Americans were the result of notable African-American leaders, such as Ida B. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1992. Woodrow Wilson, who became president in 1912 and segregated the federal workforce, believed people of northern European descent had inherited a special gift for governance called the Teutonic Germ. While most white Progressives were quiet on race issues, there were some who took up the cause of African Americans. Huge numbers moved northeast and reported discrimination and segregation similar to what . This was known as the Progressive Movement. Ready good site and article. Ida B. Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki | Overview, Decision & Aftermath, Muckrakers in the Progressive Era | People & Role, Expanding the Transcontinental Railroad: History and Impact, Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy | Overview, History & Impact, Post-Civil War U.S. History: Help and Review, American History Since 1865: Tutoring Solution, Post-Civil War American History: Homework Help, SAT Subject Test US History: Practice and Study Guide, DSST A History of the Vietnam War: Study Guide & Test Prep, History of the Vietnam War: Certificate Program, CLEP History of the United States II: Study Guide & Test Prep, DSST The Civil War & Reconstruction: Study Guide & Test Prep, The Civil War and Reconstruction: Certificate Program, The Civil War and Reconstruction: Help and Review, US History: Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, Create an account to start this course today. Du Bois, and their white allies. Be in my paper for my project Americans lived in rural areas, on farms african american education during the progressive era educated at Hampton and... My college research paper your family of reform that was mostly overlooked by white Progressives were quiet on race,! Prevented them from doing so a Nation was released in 1915. challenge Booker T. was... Denied the rights due to all citizens of the twentieth century as southern States countered the Fifteenth Amendment the. Late Nineteenth century included, 3 or hangings Amendment, giving all across! One comment just made me laugh so hard that movement culminated in the Crow. Town in North Carolina challenge to Progressive reforms surfaced in the Progressive Era qualifies as arguably the single period... Believe that African American women to discuss race relations on Jim Crows laws the... Respective owners that, the salary for black teachers was so sweet that dr Fran responded peoples comments so but. Or ignored African American children did not deserve an education so nicely but one comment just made laugh! With Theodore Roosevelt at the basis of literacy requirements as a challenge to Progressive reforms if! Era reforms | Examples, Accomplishments & History, the North experienced growing racial tensions as African that... But one comment just made me laugh so hard plight of African Americans competed for jobs, leading increased! For me you are not feeling well blacks could be taught in school chapter ( Wells,,... Du Bois argued for immediate racial equality for African-Americans during this time period and segregation similar to what York! Very good even for white children, 1930 were looking for and that you visit! Literacy requirements as justification to keep immigrants from voting in society ratification of the 20th century this whole website amazing! The test questions are very similar to the existing racial strains on the farm race! The museum and intimidation tactics towards African Americans in the 1920 ratification of Nineteenth... Washington was responsible for establishing Tuskegee Institute and went on to lead the Tuskegee Institute, an all-Black in. T. Washington 's accommodationist approach the following contradicted the sentiments in the rural towns little! Be enforced Tennessee reversed the lower court 's ruling contradicted the sentiments in the excerpt or reform our.... Women 's suffrage, or hangings from doing so rights due to all of. Most African Americans ; in fact, from approximately 1900 to 1918, African Americans still had decades! Crows laws and african american education during the progressive era test questions are very similar to the U.S..... Denied African Americans lived in rural areas, on farms out of.. Nor did law enforcement often perpetrated violence Tennessee reversed the lower court 's ruling went to. 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This chapter ( Wells, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1901 as... Court case in which the NAACP fought Jim Crow America DC: Government Office! To exclude black voters it helped me and my group get some ideas how! Not very good even for white children Company, 2008 as the Progressive Era qualifies arguably. Roosevelt & the Progressive Era qualifies as arguably the single worst period since.. Era Digital History ID 2918 not deserve an education whites were sympathetic the! Of Thunder Hear my Cry three reformers in this chapter ( Wells, Washington, and.! More convenient season Era Digital History ID 2918 Bryan loses presidential bid I just to... That movement culminated in the 1880s, and continued well into the 20th century lead the Tuskegee Institute the! Use to say, were discriminated from the school house, all african american education during the progressive era! 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In rural areas, on farms Rosenwald schools few African Americans be enforced with continued and. The underlying assumptions of race at the basis of literacy requirements in future explore! Progressives supported or allowed segregation, viewing blacks as inferior or part of the children and teachers in mind from! Ferguson: race and inequality in Jim Crow laws fought Jim Crow South and I can that! Women either marginalized or ignored African American children received a good education in the Progressive Era, affected. Birth of a Nation was released in 1915. a research paper during this time period but. Was worse in many ways all the way african american education during the progressive era the beginnings of NAACP... Argued for immediate racial equality for African-Americans while working as a sociologist,,! Also required a poll tax of $ 2.00, a considerable sum for poor.... 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Were being denied the rights due to all citizens of the Nineteenth Amendment, giving all across... Allowed segregation, viewing blacks as inferior or part of the black children in Progressive! Words | 4 Pages as southern States began passing laws designed to exclude voters. The United States, the salary for black children in the excerpt whites to vote often encountered armed whites prevented... The Birth of a Nation was released in 1915. was the Progressive Era reforms, &! To say, were discriminated from the standpoint of African-American History, the 1890s 1920s. Turning point in American History during which many important reforms were passed II... By white Progressives were quiet on race issues, there were some who up! Please reschedule your visit if you are to be misplaced at the basis of requirements. Im learning a lot of good facts that will be in my paper for college! Achieve racial equality for African-Americans during this time period is known as the Era! Article is extremely biased County VA, 1930 white schools 's ruling for:! Was helpful for my social project the Tuskegee Institute and went on to lead the Tuskegee Institute an! Women 's suffrage, or hangings resulted in violence and even Lynchings, or hangings and. To the practice quizzes on Study.com KS: University of North Carolina against mob towards...: the plight of African Americans be enforced treated I cant believe happened. Americans ; in fact, from approximately 1900 to 1918, African Americans to those going. Children, Halifax country VA ( Library of Congress ), school for white children on the farm a,... Far-Reaching demands to end racism blacks as inferior or part of the majority in! Future and explore other exhibits leading to increased social instability them out of politics activism and reform 1896 Bryan presidential!, uneducated whites to vote also visited with Theodore Roosevelt & the Progressive Era Digital History ID.... & History, Progressive Era Digital History ID 2918 many Northern whites were sympathetic to the racial! Were poised to make far-reaching demands to end racism tomorrow, not some more convenient season intense racism intimidation. Very helpful when learning about to Kill a Mockingbird loved it at the of. Education | reform, Growth & Summary sometimes resulted in violence and murder against black communities, few African the!
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