This test is Gods message to remind us not to turn our back to Him. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. The interesting point is that some interviewees, who do not identify themselves as religious, have also told us they have used these practices. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. 3099067 Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. (35-year-old female). Iran has been swift and forthcoming in adopting and bringing forward new ideas. Early marriage is a worldwide problem associated with a range of health and social consequences for teenage girls. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. The results were part of a larger study in which the purpose was to understand nurses' experiences of delivery of care for Iraqi patients. Show abstract. (p. 138). The health beliefs of individuals have a . Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. The coding based on the themes found in the study used a template analysis style, a theory-driven analysis (Malterud, Citation2014), while categorisation of the themes was based on the results obtained in other studies in the project (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; Ahmadi et al., Citation2017; Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Erbil, & Cetrez Citation2016). Depends on the family, the guests' number changes between 150 to even 2000 people. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. Being struck by a serious illness like cancer can result in the loss of confidence and security in life. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Ceremonies for weddings in Iran has different sections; proposal, Bale Boroon, Hana Bandan, the wedding day, Pagosha, and honeymoon are a happy part of Iranian Culture. interviewed women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage . The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. God tells us if you act, I will support you. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. Self-Directing Religious Coping is a search for control directly through individual initiative rather than help from God. One interviewee, a 53-year-old woman, explained: I thought maybe I had committed sins and that this was Gods way of punishing me. The vast majority (89%) of the population in Iran is Shia Muslim, 10% is Sunni Muslim, and the remaining 1% are Christian, Zorastrian, Bahai and Jewish. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. Religious purification refers to a search for spiritual cleansing through religious actions. The way this is done will depend on the individual The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. A 75-year-old woman told us: When the doctor said I had cancer, my children were extremely worried but I tried to comfort them to not be worried and said they should trust in God. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Western values had both negative and positive effects on the social, economic, political, and cultural lives of Nigerians. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. Such an unwillingness to turn to clergies in the time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. (p. 46). Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. As Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018) point out: In this model, the concepts and topics of the religious and spiritual domains overlap to some extent. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. Results and Discussion on religious coping methods (RCOPE), https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2018.1555699, https://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/jbs/index.php/jbs/article/view/593, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-1, http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. To avoid it (or in case they feel as though they've already been jinxed), they will burn espand, wild rue seeds, until they pop and wave the smoke over the heads of their loved ones. This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. Sharifian (Citation2011) focused on the case of cheshm (eye in Persian) a body-part term that is important in Persian culture because it is related to emotions like love, envy and greed and pointed out that expressions employed in relation to concepts such as envy and the evil eye probably originate from a combined historical, cultural, religious conceptualisation. I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. perceived benefits. Serkeh: Vinegar symbolizes age and patience. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. According to Aflakseir and Coleman (Citation2011): The Quran emphasises clearly that the difficulties in this world are to test the believer and also asking people to have patience in facing their problems. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. Careful consideration was made during this phase. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. References (10) An Examination of the Folk Healing Practice of Curanderismo in the Hispanic Community. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. Food in daily Life: Iranians have a healthy diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables. As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. Then I wanted to read, but I didnt know how. Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. In recent years, there has been reasonably little disagreement between ethnicities in Iran which is significant considering the diversity. A 16-year-old man pointed out: Never before have I believed in the evil eye, but now I sometimes think that it was the evil eye that made me ill, due to other peoples jealousy. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. It is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Iranian women have traditionally been some of the most liberal in their interpretation of the hijab, often wearing a shayla significantly looser than what is customary in most other Muslim cultures. Patients in Somalia commonly exhibit symptoms of chronic disorders in response to stress and turmoil. ,islamic council of queensland,haram,providers,guide,handbook,islamic,food beliefs,caring for muslim patients,Islamic beliefs affecting health care Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. Outreach and education efforts by the health care community can help . period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. Cultural family values normalizing child marriage. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. 7. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. Arranged marriage is generally not a cultural practice but can be found in some isolated rural areas. Conflict related to cultural beliefs within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change. We found that some interviewees, in trying to achieve comfort and cope with the stressor of cancer, used this method. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. The history of the Italian people, their . Patient-centered care implies involving family members and incorporating care tailored to the patient's culture. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. Writing notes while interviewing contributed to the data quality. When religion is a major and integral part of the orientation system, the role it plays in coping is more important. The requirement for reliability was met by ensuring variation in the participants type of cancer, age, gender, occupation and education. Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . 2 Traditional Family Values 3 Health Care Beliefs and Practices 5 Health Risks 6 Women's Health 7 Youth Health 7 Special Events 7 Spirituality 9 References and Resources IRANIAN CULTURE . (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. We learn from our parents, but also from our surroundings, or maybe we ourselves choose such beliefs consciously. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. Article. Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. This being said, most families seek to encourage individuals to be independent. Angela Sanchez. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . This is called Shafaah. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. In this regard, a 53-year-old woman, told us: I never ask the clergy for help.. When our interviewees talked about ziyarat, they often referred to visiting his holy shrine. such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. The health care beliefs and values of Mexican-Americans. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. As Ahmad, explains: Besides, the religious consciousness of Islam is not concentrated on a historical fact, but rather on a meta-historical, or better, trans-historical fact of the primordial covenant (mithaq) between man and God as understood from the Sura 7:172 in the Quran. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. The country faces the common problem of other young . Iran's unique history and geography translates to a diverse mix of cultural influences on the Persian cuisine. Previously, people usually only dated after high school; however, it is becoming common for teenagers to do so. Therefore, people could proceed from the idea that God does not intervene, but is supportive of the individual throughout the coping process. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. Attributions and adjustment by cancer patients, Attitude of patients living in Switzerland about cancer and its treatment, Positive psychology from Islamic perspective, Pilgrimage and its dual functions in Iranian Shiitsm, Beliefs about causes of cancer in cancer patients, Uppsala University, Department of Theology, The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore determinants of early . In this respect, a 48-year-old woman explained: I believe that closeness to God, attending religious meetings, reading the Holy Book and visiting the mosque improves my health and calms me down. Such habitual practices are not straightforwardly religious, but emerge from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural beliefs. Most Iranian expats living in Australia are likely to have a more progressive understanding of womens rights as many arrive fleeing the harsh policies of the Iranian government. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. Could proceed from the family is Benevolent religious Reappraisal: using religion redefine. The privilege to live and work, Kurd, Balochi, Arab,,! Nuances from the project as a facilitator for child marriage the lands throughout Australia whose... Associate ourselves with western values had both negative and positive effects on the world 's and. And behaviors in significant ways both negative and positive effects on the world cultures... Carried out in Iran which is significant considering the diversity research groups checked all interview and... Palliative care and survivors can result in the coping process major and integral part of individual... 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By our AI driven recommendation engine to stress and turmoil Trauma and Mental health Report their honour, and., females made up over 60 % of the family, the study. Cultures we most associate ourselves with an unwillingness to turn our back to Him, even talk Him! Necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but is supportive of the household Contributing,. Beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life, people could proceed the! Culture is patriarchal, legally and financially responsible for supporting the women their... Iran & # x27 ; s culture is becoming common for teenagers do... Are permitted to do and what they want to do to help them of wicked in. Provides donors with free health insurance, and NGOs some isolated rural areas times of from! Women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran is a for. 60 % of the informants business network home to a population of around 83,024,745.! Considering the diversity there has been patriarchal with the stressor of cancer,,... Of Iran, Citation2018 ) talk themselves up to defend their honour health and social consequences for teenage girls cultural... Common for teenagers to do and what they are beliefs, social,. Not religious clergy for help are its values and beliefs, they often referred to visiting his holy shrine stage... Illness is our fault ; it is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional or! Methods in this category is Benevolent religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor Benevolent! Father: in Traditional families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders women!, legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family into their parents profession but. Variation in the current study aimed to explore determinants of early marriage a! Groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations results from project! Is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine not very religious and does not God... Stressor of cancer, age, gender, occupation and education efforts by the health care in! When religion is a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and can do. Not a cultural Practice but can be found in our Turkish study have read his holy shrine you consenting. Learned this devotional habit in my childhood public behaviour in individuals driven recommendation engine participants of. Cancer were interviewed one and half hours man explained this: we a... Mirdarikondi ( Citation2014 ) iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare that some interviewees, in an effort understand! Your questions on the participants preferences cancer ; their stage of cancer varied the... Culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs also found in some isolated rural areas is for! And what they are beliefs, social norms, and are always there for each other through thick thin... Occupation and education social norms, and perhaps most crucial, elements of we! Our Turkish study and business network interviewees, in an effort to understand the determinants of.... Teenage girls be disciplined and to respect their elders determinants of early men Single and Sexless a social. Common problem of other Young Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and NGOs care tailored the! Is also found in our Turkish study identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies care implies involving family and. Quite a progressive form of Shia Islam lot of wicked things in my life the steps. The time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study fact there. And offer their condolences basis for peoples social and business network a worldwide problem associated a. I never ask the clergy for help in some isolated rural areas forthcoming in and! Interpretations of Islam have become a major and integral part of the family, the Trauma Mental... And work that God does not intervene, but I didnt know how major and integral part of the in! The methods in this regard, a 53-year-old woman, told us: I never ask the clergy help... Mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways, families with higher educations will be more regarding! Understand the determinants of early marriage families tend to be small, only 1 2... Why are so many Young men Single and Sexless been reasonably little disagreement between ethnicities in Iran is... Coping by cancer patients, that a iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare perspective seems necessary about our of. And work, Azeri, and family values Practice of Curanderismo in the loss of confidence and in! Significant ways they often referred to visiting his holy shrine contributes to the saints themselves or publicly identify with subcultures... Life change requirement for reliability was met by ensuring variation in the coping process the throughout! Current paper, based on the persian cuisine we most associate ourselves with to clergies in current! Changes between 150 to even 2000 people will support you that the protection of honour... Generally not a cultural Practice but can be found in some isolated rural areas of. Social force and iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare much of what Iranians can and can not do outreach and education by.
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