We're not going to tolerate it, " Morial said. Evidence is material if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Severns, 559 F.3d at 278 (citation omitted). Your response to his behavior cannot be tepid, it cannot be timid, it must be certain and it must be in kind and it must express our outrage and unyielding commitment to the rule of law.[Len Davis] deserves justice and justice can only be had in this case if the death penalty is imposed [Y]ou are the dispensers of justice in this particular case. He is incorrect. The investigation ended prematurely after Justice Department officials were shown evidence that Davis ordered Groves' murder. You have an obligation to uphold the law and that takes courage.Certain crimes, regardless of mitigation, deserve the death penalty. After the conviction, Davis refused to return to the courtroom and the case proceeded to the sentencing phase in his absence. Our review of the record reflects that in Davis's interactions with associates like Hardy, Causey, and others, Davis gave directions, offered advice, and assisted in his associates' nefarious activities.3 His leadership role and ability to influence others-generally positive qualities-became deadly when exercised to further criminal activity. The description matched what Groves had on at the time of her murder. For example, the jury heard the FBI wiretap tapes in which Davis discussed with Hardy a murder he thought Hardy had ordered:And you can't go to jail for putting a hit on somebody, Paul. 3593(e). Causey v. United States, 530 U.S. 1277 (2000)..FN16. In what is being called the largest case of police corruption in the city's history, nine New Orleans officers were charged in federal court Wednesday with accepting nearly $100,000 in bribes to protect a large-scale cocaine operation run by undercover FBI agents. Davis did not appeal this ruling. [2][3] He was convicted of depriving civil rights through murder by conspiring with an assassin to kill a local resident. C.As a police officer, Len Davis frequently risked his own life to apprehend criminal suspects, assist fellow officers and save innocent victims. The net effect of the prosecutor's testifying, according to Davis, conveyed to the jury that Hardy and Davis were responsible for the difference-i.e., almost 20 homicides in 1994. 3592(c)(9). Davis and his police partner Sammie Williams are quoted talking to Hardy at 11:22 p.m., moments after police officially logged Groves' death as a murder: Williams: (Laughing) It's confirmed, daddy. Accordingly, the district court conducted a hearing at the second stage of the sentencing phase to determine whether Davis and Hardy should be sentenced to death or to life imprisonment without release. Therefore, neither decision raises any ex post facto or due process concerns. Hardy replied he was on [his] way. Williams's shift ended at that point, and he left Davis with the patrol car. Davis and his partners took The district court conducted an evidentiary hearing in May 2001, during which it heard testimony from Williams, his attorney, and the assistant U.S. attorney from whom Williams's attorney requested a plea agreement. I said, fuck the game, we talking about people's lives. The Supreme Court denied certiorari. And I want you to listen to what I'm saying. Then, the prosecutor asked Williams about his sentence, which was still pending at the time of his testimony: Q. See Williams, 517 F.3d at 806; McCrimmon, 443 F.3d at 461-62. [PROSECUTOR]: The next year, 1995, the Florida only had four homicides. (quoting United States v. Collins, 972 F.2d 1385, 1406 (5th Cir.1992)). At the conclusion of the hearing, the court agreed with the prosecutor that new information could be brought out at re-sentencing if Williams testified. Davis and Williams then drove to Groves's neighborhood in their NOPD patrol car and searched for her. And it was an insult on our entire criminal justice system.. FN5. 3592(c)(9).15. Millsaps, 157 F.3d at 993 ([J]uries are presumed to follow their instructions.); see also Flores, 63 F.3d at 1374-75 (no abuse of discretion in tendering verdict form with ambiguous standard of proof to jury where the district court repeatedly instructed the jury as to the proper standard). The complaint alleges that Davis ordered the murder of Groves; Hardy carried it out; and Causey hid the murder weapon. Websammy williams new orleans copdeny the witch 9th edition rulesdeny the witch 9th edition rules You can use evidence that's admissible and been admitted, but please don't go beyond that. United States v. Johnston, 127 F.3d 380, 393 (5th Cir.1997) (prejudice mitigated by curative instruction and wiretap evidence to corroborate improperly solicited testimony in cross-examination). WebSammy Williams. "In September, a disturbing development occurred, " Gallagher said. She was seen driving around in her patrol care on duty with that thug many times and even allowed him to drive her patrol car. Police procedurals are stasis machines. "The unsupervised, unregulated detail system practically encourages police officers to break the law, " Jordan said. Such a pattern of behavior could easily translate to a penitentiary. Causey was an associate of both Hardy and Davis. FN7. We also rejected defendant's argument that the term substantial is vague because it is subjective and has different meanings. Id. Is that just? This qualification is necessary because for the jury the alternative to the death penalty will be an imposition of life imprisonment. See Causey, 185 F.3d at 438 (Dennis, J., concurring) (Arguably, a person also has a separate defined right' protected by the Constitution not to be deprived of liberty without due process of law, and this right is also violated by having his or her life taken willfully by a state officer acting under color of law.); see also id. Authorities were targeting as many as 20 additional cops when the undercover investigation ended. Sylvester, 143 F.3d at 928. United States v. Davis, 912 F.Supp. Well, I'm hoping the government informs the judge of my cooperation and, as a result, he [the sentencing judge] will give me a lesser sentence than he otherwise may impose on me. Miller-El, 545 U.S. at 251-52. This is the account described in the documents: Shortly after Davis found out about the brutality complaint against him, he is quoted as muttering to himself as he dialed Hardy's beeper, "I can get P to come and do that whore now and then we can handle the 30." Fifth, Davis claims that the Double Jeopardy Clause precludes his conviction for violating both 18 U.S.C. FN1. We also denied Davis's petitions for rehearing and rehearing en banc in November 1999. Mayor Marc Morial answered questions about the indictments Wednesday, saying that "cavalier" cops would not be tolerated by his administration. In his second claim, Davis argues that the district court committed reversible error when it provided an ex parte response to a jury question during deliberations. During the selection phase, the Government elicited sentencing testimony from the victim's daughter, Jasmine Groves, that Davis did not deserve life imprisonment because he had not once said he was sorry, in over 11 years since the crime. Pennington, appointed in October, was briefed about the probe in November, the sources said. Here, the Government reiterated Jasmine's testimony that Davis never said he was sorry-a far cry from arguing that he should say more. Jordan, at a news conference with Gallagher and Police Superintendent Richard Pennington, said more indictments could follow in the coming weeks. Shortly after 7:30 p.m., Davis and Williams picked up Hardy at his home and drove back to Groves's neighborhood so that Hardy could walk around. Davis has been suspended by the Police Department. "The police officers, not the FBI, brought in all of these bad, corrupt cops.". The first was purely procedural because Davis's convictions had been affirmed by this court on direct appeal. Hi - I'm a native of New Orleans now living in California. And if you want to shed a tear, cry for all of the people who are denied justice because Len Davis was protecting those persons who victimized them. . Id. The motion also said the jury didn't know that officers Len Davis and Sammie Williams-the first officers on the scene-were known to cover up the identity of perpetrators and manipulate evidence at murder scenes at the housing project to cover up for drug dealers they protected. Q. The prosecution stated:He's already serving life for the cocaine conviction. A big break in the case came when Davis - described as the ringleader of the nine cops - asked for a cellular telephone to conduct business with the undercover agents. 552 U.S. at 484-85. The citizens of the City of New Orleans wait for you to give them justice. In Lesko v. Lehman, 925 F.2d 1527 (3d Cir.1991), for example, the defendant testified regarding biographical information in the mitigation phase, and the prosecutor impermissibly used that testimony to argue that he should have said more, including that he was sorry. The exhibit included statistics regarding various types of felonies for 1994 according to district and reported the number of each kind of felony, for the city as a whole, for 1994 and 1995. The nine officers indicted Wednesday were among 12 officers reassigned to desk jobs this week in the wake of the investigation. Let's get back to why we're here. 241 and 242 would not, as a practical matter, punish him for those offenses because he was already serving a life sentence on an earlier drug conspiracy offense.12 In rebuttal summation, the prosecutor also stated: But more importantly, as [defense counsel] told you, if you don't sentence him to death, this murder is a freebie. at 1374. You recall the events of September 30th, 1994, Williams described to you. Davis's counsel objected to the argument because it alluded to facts outside the record. After hearing the Government's and defense counsel's evidence, the jury returned a verdict recommending the death penalty, finding that the aggravating factors were proved beyond a reasonable doubt, that no mitigating factors were present, and that the aggravating factors sufficiently outweighed the mitigating factors to justify a death sentence. They were cryptic and they did not take on significance until compared with other events. Sammy Williams, who won a Tony Award in Michael Bennett's groundbreaking original Broadway production of A Chorus Line, has died. When Hardy called back, he and Davis discussed a plan to kill Groves, with Hardy as the shooter and Davis and Williams taking care of evidence at the crime scene after the murder was committed. In police code, 30 is the signal for a homicide. The verdict form also included a catch-all category: G.Other factors in Len Davis's background or character mitigate against imposition of a death sentence. "Be looking for something to come down," he told his partner, Sammie Williams, in a phone conversation monitored by Federal agents. Your response to his behavior cannot be tepid, it cannot be timid, it must be certain and it must be in kind and it must express our outrage and unyielding commitment to the rule of law.[Len Davis] deserves justice and justice can only be had in this case if the death penalty is imposed [Y]ou are the dispensers of justice in this particular case. In summation at the close of the selection phase, the prosecutor returned to Jasmine's testimony to argue the family's wishes: In simple and powerful words, she [Jasmine] told you that life was too good for the defendant and she told you why. The district court denied the motion on October 20, 2005, because the issues Although Len Davis can distinguish right from wrong and deserves to be held accountable for his actions, his behavior was negatively impacted by the stress of being shot at on numerous occasions. The factor states, in relevant part, The defendant committed the offense after substantial planning and premeditation to cause the death of a person. 18 U.S.C. Notwithstanding our binding precedent, Davis asserts that the Supreme Court's ruling in United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000) is intervening case law that brings the issue within the exception to the law of the case doctrine. Q. 90, 111-112 (D.D.C.2000) ([W]hatever violent or criminal capabilities Cooer [sic] has outside the prison walls will have no probative value when [he] will spend the rest of his life in prison). Before re-sentencing, the defense proposed the following written jury instruction, in relevant part, regarding the substantial planning and premeditation aggravating factor submitted by the Government: Substantial Planning and Substantial Premeditation. Though Davis refused to be present in the courtroom during the selection phase, he permitted his back-up counsel to proceed without him. Explore. Accordingly, the district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to incorporate Davis's proposed instruction. As the Government correctly notes, neither Apprendi nor Ring infringe on Congress's powers by creating new criminal offenses that did not previously exist. It must, however, show that the defendant had enough time to become fully aware of what he intended to do and to substantially think it over before he acted. 1512(a)(1)(C) and 2. "The pertinent conversations were spread out over a 10-hour period and were intermingled with many other discussions concerning their protection activity at the warehouse. Davis seeks reversal not only of his death sentences under the FDPA, but also of his convictions. Former New Orleans police officer on death row, Deprivation of rights under color of law resulting in death (18 U.S.C. Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. 01-30656, 2001 WL 34712238, at *3 (5th Cir. WebCops 1 season Reality 2017 English audio TV-PG Buy Featuring police officers, constables and sheriff's deputies patrolling streets for car thieves, drug pushers, sex-trade workers, Government Exhibit LD-9 is the wiretap excerpt of a conversation between Hardy and Davis the evening of October 13, 1994, when Davis first mentions his desire for Hardy to kill Groves. See Causey, 185 F.3d at 412-21. Director Jim McBride Writers Daniel Petrie Jr. (screenplay by) Jack Baran (screenplay) Jim McBride (screenplay) Stars Dennis Quaid Ellen Barkin Ned Beatty See production, box office & company info Therefore, Davis's convictions cannot be overturned on this basis. Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 340 (2003) (In the context of direct review, therefore, we have noted that the trial court's decision on the ultimate question of discriminatory intent represents a finding of fact of the sort accorded great deference on appeal and will not be overturned unless clearly erroneous.) (internal citations and quotes omitted). Because [d]istrict courts enjoy substantial latitude in formulating a jury charge, we review all challenges to, and refusals to give, jury instructions for abuse of discretion. United States v. Webster, 162 F.3d 308, 321-22 (5th Cir.1998), cert. In his fourth claim, Davis complains that the victim-impact testimony and the prosecution's arguments related to that evidence were erroneous. 2. Sammie Williams is equally or more culpable than Len Davis and he will not be punished by death. And justice can only be had by sentencing Len Davis to death. His regular duty partner and her associate robbed the restaurant and fatally shot him. Officer Williams had served with the New Orleans Police Department for four years. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Plaintiff-Appellee v. LEN DAVIS Defendant-Appellant. Id. denied, 528 U.S. 829 (1999). FN3. Williams, 517 F.3d at 806. The categories at issue here relate to: (1) Davis's good character evidence (proposed factors 7, 8, 9, and 10); (2) the culpability and relatively lenient punishment imposed on other individuals involved in Groves's murder and the drug conspiracy (factors 1, 2, 4, and 5); and (3) the stressful and dangerous conditions of his job (proposed factors 11, 12, and 13). And he made the statement, well, Dunc, you just don't understand the game. FN5. The government must also establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the killing was committed after substantial planning for you to find this factor proved. The Fifth Amendment prohibits a prosecutor from commenting on a defendant's failure to testify, Griffin v. California, 380 U.S. 609, 615 (1965), if the prosecutor's manifest intent in making the remark must have been to comment on the defendant's silence, or the character of the remark must have been such that the jury would naturally and necessarily construe it as a comment on the defendant's silence. Jackson v. Johnson, 194 F.3d 641, 652 (5th Cir.1999) (citing United States v. Grosz, 76 F.3d 1318, 1326 (5th Cir.1996)). The evidence showed that, besides orchestrating Groves's murder, Davis routinely used special codes to communicate with Hardy and Causey, and offered to assist them in covering up their criminal activities. Specifically, Davis argues that Miller-El v. Dretke, 544 U.S. 231 (2005) and Snyder v. Louisiana, 552 US. Upon conviction for a homicide, the FDPA provides for a separate, post-conviction penalty proceeding. Do not capitulate, be vigilant. Causey v. United States, 530 U.S. 1277 (2000). WebWilliams was a 25-year-old New Orleans police officer assigned to the 7th District. Jones, 527 U.S. at 388-89. Len Davis (born August 6, 1964)[1] is a former New Orleans police officer. Finally, Davis argues that the Government's remarks in summation suggested that Hardy was a killer. I said, Paul, Paul Hardy? denied, 130 S.Ct. And what does Davis, the defendant, do? A. The records showed that Davis had two minor disciplinary incidents for most of his incarceration (possession of an unauthorized newspaper and failure to submit to DNA testing). Police Officer Ronald A. Williams, II, New Orleans Police TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select, Stay up-to-date with FindLaw's newsletter for legal professionals. The Supreme Court reiterated the standard of review in an earlier opinion involving the same Batson challenge raised in Miller-El. Additionally, he asserts, we applied an incorrect standard of review in affirming his Batson claim in his first appeal. Yes. See United States v. Davis, No. A refusal to give a requested instruction constitutes reversible error only if the proposed instruction (1) is substantially correct, (2) is not substantively covered in the jury charge, and (3) pertains to an important issue in the trial, such that failure to give it seriously impairs the presentation of an effective defense. Id. If a policeman killing a citizen using a drug dealer that he is protecting is not enough, then what is? ), cert denied, 546 U.S. 828 (2005)). As stated in Part III.B., supra, the jury was already aware that Davis and Hardy had been convicted for the murder of Groves, and that Hardy was the actual shooter. Q. This hybrid representation resulted from motions Davis filed regarding his right to self-representation. Williams was also ordered to pay $11,576 in restitution and Moore was sentenced to three years of supervised release. Several officers still await trial, including two facing murder charges. 529 U.S. at 627. Thus, the remaining witnesses' testimony at the May 2001 hearing was consistent with Williams's that there was no plea agreement in place when Williams testified in 1996. "I will not tolerate it, " Pennington said. WebA onetime New Orleans cop, Frank, now 48, was always going to go rogue. (citing United States v. Murrah, 888 F.2d 24, 28 (5th Cir.1989)). You give him life, you don't give him death, he won't be punished at all for killing, executing Kim Marie Groves. The final instruction to the jury read, in relevant part: A killing is committed after substantial premeditation when it is committed upon substantial deliberation. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. At the close of the selection phase, the district court invited objections from counsel regarding the jury instructions. See United States v. Sipe, 388 F.3d 471, 478 (5th Cir.2004) ([W]hen the testimony of the witness who might have been impeached by the undisclosed evidence is strongly corroborated by additional evidence supporting a guilty verdict, the undisclosed evidence generally is not found to be material.). This prohibition covers issues decided both expressly and by necessary implication, and reflects the jurisprudential policy that once an issue is litigated and decided, that should be the end of the matter. United States v. Pineiro, 470 F.3d 200, 205 (5th Cir.2006) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). The defense introduced the crime statistics during direct examination to support the theory that Davis was a product of the violent atmosphere in which he worked, thus opening the door to the Government's questions on cross-examination. Id. They [Davis and Hardy] are friends. [PROSECUTOR]: I am asking him if he would be surprised at that. D.Although Len Davis can distinguish right from wrong and deserves to be held accountable for his actions, his behavior was negatively impacted by the stress of working in a high crime area, being shot at on numerous occasions, including on one occasion being shot in the stomach while coming to the assistance of fellow officers. at 433-44 (Dennis, J., concurring) (discussing arguments in support of conviction under 18 U.S.C. Here, the prosecutor restated Jasmine's testimony that Davis never apologized in the context of discussing the family's wishes (and how they changed from wanting a life sentence to wanting the death penalty). WebWilliams, who himself had been indicted on corruption charges, gave some insight into a police force awash with illegal drug money. The city of New Orleans had to endure the reign of terror of Len Davis and the murderers he was protecting. One of his contacts was Hardy, a man who was arrested but cleared in two previous New Orleans killings and is described in the complaint as the leader of a violent drug gang. 18 U.S.C. Michael Perlstein and Walt Philbin wrote this report. Therefore, the law of the case doctrine applies to foreclose review in this appeal. They kept up a Davis also places much weight on evidence of his violence-free prison record during the 11 years between his arrest in 1994 and his sentencing in 2005. This holding did not change the law of review of peremptory challenges, and we reject Davis's attempts to mischaracterize Snyder. The FDPA provides that the Government may introduce as a non-statutory aggravating factor victim impact evidence including oral testimony, a victim impact statement that identifies the victim of the offense and the extent and scope of the injury and loss suffered by the victim and the victim's family, and any other relevant information. 18 U.S.C. 472 (2008) establish that the district court erred in overruling his Batson challenges. In a pre-trial filing, Davis moved to strike this aggravating factor. Williams and Duncan had been caught in Operation Shattered Shield and convicted on drug-conspiracy charges..FN5. Other questions:subscriberservices@theadvocate.com. Federal agents were monitoring the telephone lines as the killing was discussed, but were powerless to prevent it, Gallagher said. During that jury selection, the prosecution used peremptory challenges to remove nine of ten African-American women and two of four African-American men from the pool of qualified jurors from which the 12-member jury was selected. In Davis's first appeal, we stated, the district court's decision on the ultimate question of discrimination is a fact finding, which is accorded great deference. Causey, 185 F.3d at 413. That cellular telephone was used to monitor a lot of the details associated with protection of the warehouse.". FN8. While the jury determines aggravating factors unanimously and beyond a reasonable doubt, it determines mitigating factors individually and by a preponderance of the information. 18 U.S.C. Any reason why you haven't been sentenced yet, to your knowledge? "Unfortunately, we were not provided on Oct. 13 with enough information to allow us to prevent it, " he said. Davis's re-sentencing proceedings began on July 25, 2005 before a jury.1 During the first stage of the re-sentencing, Davis elected to represent himself with appointed counsel serving as back-up.2 On August 3, 2005, the jury returned a verdict rendering Davis eligible for the death penalty, finding that he intentionally participated in an act contemplating that Groves would be killed, and did so after substantial planning and premeditation. FN16. See United States v. Cooper, 91 F.Supp. See 18 U.S.C. Accordingly, we remanded Davis's and Hardy's cases for re-sentencing. Additionally, no exceptions to the law of the case doctrine apply. Kim Marie Groves was murdered on October 13, 1994 in New Orleans, Louisiana, through the coordinated efforts of Davis and his co-conspirators Paul Hardy and Damon Causey. Moreover, the prosecutor's closing argument accurately and repeatedly referred to the applicable standard. Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the Government, see Agofsky, 458 F.3d at 374, the jury could have found the future dangerousness factor beyond a reasonable doubt. McCrimmon, 443 F.3d at 461-62. Williams and Duncan had been caught in Operation Shattered Shield and convicted on drug-conspiracy charges. While answering a fellow officer's call for assistance, Len Davis joined in the chase of 3 armed men and was shot in the stomach. Improper comments by the prosecutor may constitute reversible error when the defendant's right to a fair trial is substantially affected. Attorney Frank DeSalvo, who represents the Police Association of New Orleans, said Wednesday, "I just left three happy officers who didn't get indicted. The Supreme Court reiterated the standard of review in an earlier opinion involving the same Batson challenge raised in Miller-El. Moreover, we have previously held that [a]though the prosecution may not appeal to the jury's passions and prejudices, the prosecution may appeal to the jury to act as the conscience of the community. Jackson, 194 F.3d at 655 & nn.54-56. Davis's Batson claim does not fall within the exceptions to the law of the case doctrine. Duncan further testified about a conversation that he and Davis had about Hardy during a 1994 cookout at Davis's house: [DUNCAN]: Len Davis got on the phone and he told the individual on the phone, yeah, yeah, I'm home, yeah, it's just me, Dunc and Lemmie [Rodgers, another police officer], yeah, just come on over. Accordingly, Davis's substantial rights were not affected such that reversal of his sentence is warranted. [25] Then, in December 2022, another man was released from prison after more than 30 years who was also convicted based on false testimony from Davis.[26][27]. At that point, a decision was made not to let Davis and the other two suspects remain on the street. The citizens of the City of New Orleans wait for you to give them justice. Davis's substantial rights were not affected such that a reversal of his sentences is warranted. Third, the Government presented video surveillance from Operation Shattered Shield. denied, 526 U.S. 1031 (1999) (waiving appellant's argument where it merely referenced pleadings filed in the district court without stating facts or legal authority in support). 3591-3599. FN16. Accordingly, the prosecutor's testifying, while improper, see Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 84 (1935), did not affect Davis's substantial rights. That'd be the Feds with that shit. McDuffie, 542 F.2d at 241. The judge's answer is thus consistent with her prior order dated June 27, 2005, which limited the aggravating factor regarding Davis's threat of future danger: The Court agrees with Defendant's contention, however, that this non-statutory aggravating factor must be qualified to indicate to the jury that it should consider Davis's future dangerousness only within the context of any menace he might present in a penal institution. Davis was initially sentenced to death on April 26, 1996. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. He joined the New Orleans Police Department in 1991 Examples of the remarks include:He prayed [sic] on a community, this community, New Orleans, Louisiana, in the Eastern District of Louisiana that desperately needed, still needs protection from the likes of Len Davis.If you want to shed a tear, shed a tear for the city of New Orleans. 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Ordered Groves ' murder 's get back to why we 're not going to it! 972 F.2d 1385, 1406 ( 5th Cir.1992 ) ) attempts to mischaracterize Snyder to listen to I... Third, the prosecutor may constitute reversible error when the defendant 's to. And it was an associate of both Hardy and Davis permitted his counsel! His back-up counsel to proceed without him earlier opinion involving the same Batson challenge in... Davis with the patrol car and searched for her on our entire criminal justice system.. FN5 ( discussing in! Alternative to the law of review in this appeal claim, Davis claims that the Government must also establish a... 'S proposed instruction 's testimony that Davis never said he was on his... And causey hid the murder of Groves ; Hardy carried it out ; and causey hid murder!, 546 U.S. 828 ( 2005 ) and Snyder v. Louisiana, 552 sammy williams new orleans cop... F.3D 308, 321-22 ( 5th Cir.1989 ) ) follow in the courtroom and the Google Policy! Reversal not only of his sentences is warranted '' cops would not be by.
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